analogWrite() – PWM
analogWrite()
Description
Writes an analog value (PWM wave) to a pin. Can be used to light a LED at varying brightnesses or drive a motor at various speeds. After a call to analogWrite(), the pin will generate a steady square wave of the specified duty cycle until the next call to analogWrite() (or a call to digitalRead() or digitalWrite() on the same pin). The frequency of the PWM signal is approximately 490 Hz.
On most Arduino boards (those with the ATmega168 or ATmega328), this function works on pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. On the Arduino Mega, it works on pins 2 through 13. Older Arduino boards with an ATmega8 only support analogWrite() on pins 9, 10, and 11. You do not need to call pinMode() to set the pin as an output before calling analogWrite().
The analogWrite function has nothing whatsoever to do with the analog pins or the analogRead function.
Syntax
analogWrite(pin, value)
Parameters
pin: the pin to write to.
value: the duty cycle: between 0 (always off) and 255 (always on).
Returns
nothing
Notes and Known Issues
The PWM outputs generated on pins 5 and 6 will have higher-than-expected duty cycles. This is because of interactions with the millis() and delay() functions, which share the same internal timer used to generate those PWM outputs. This will be noticed mostly on low duty-cycle settings (e.g 0 10) and may result in a value of 0 not fully turning off the output on pins 5 and 6.
Example
Sets the output to the LED proportional to the value read from the potentiometer.
int ledPin = 9; // LED connected to digital pin 9
int analogPin = 3; // potentiometer connected to analog pin 3
int val = 0; // variable to store the read value
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // sets the pin as output
}
void loop()
{
val = analogRead(analogPin); // read the input pin
analogWrite(ledPin, val / 4); // analogRead values go from 0 to 1023, analogWrite values from 0 to 255
}
See also
Corrections, suggestions, and new documentation should be posted to the Forum.
The text of the Arduino reference is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. Code samples in the reference are released into the public domain.
