Stores the value to the right of the equal sign in the variable to the left of the equal sign. The single equal sign in the C programming language is called the assignment operator. It has a different meaning than in algebra class where it indicated an equation or equality. The assignment operator tells the […]

#define is a useful C component that allows the programmer to give a name to a constant value before the program is compiled. Defined constants in 86Duino don’t take up any program memory space on the chip. The compiler will replace references to these constants with the defined value at compile time. This can have […]

Comments are lines in the program that are used to inform yourself or others about the way the program works. They are ignored by the compiler, and not exported to the processor, so they don’t take up any space in the memory. Comments only purpose are to help you understand (or remember) how your program […]

Comments are lines in the program that are used to inform yourself or others about the way the program works. They are ignored by the compiler, and not exported to the processor, so they don’t take up any space in the memory. Comments only purpose are to help you understand (or remember) how your program […]

Curly braces (also referred to as just “braces” or as “curly brackets”) are a major part of the C programming language. They are used in several different constructs, outlined below, and this can sometimes be confusing for beginners. An opening curly brace “{” must always be followed by a closing curly brace “}”. This is […]

Used to end a statement. Example int a = 13; Tip Forgetting to end a line in a semicolon will result in a compiler error. The error text may be obvious, and refer to a missing semicolon, or it may not. If an impenetrable or seemingly illogical compiler error comes up, one of the first […]

#include is used to include outside libraries in your sketch. This gives the programmer access to a large group of standard C libraries (groups of pre-made functions), and also libraries written especially for 86Duino. The main reference page for DJGPP C libraries (DJGPP is the compiler that the 86Duino uses) is here. Note that #include, […]

The do loop works in the same manner as the while loop, with the exception that the condition is tested at the end of the loop, so the do loop will always run at least once.   do   {      // statement block   } while (test condition); Example Language Reference Home The text of the 86Duino […]

break is used to exit from a do, for, or while loop, bypassing the normal loop condition. It is also used to exit from a switch statement. Example Language Reference Home The text of the 86Duino reference is a modification of the Arduino reference, and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. Code […]

Terminate a function and return a value from a function to the calling function, if desired. Syntax return; return value; // both forms are valid Parameters value: any variable or constant type Example A function to compare a sensor input to a threshold The return keyword is handy to test a section of code without […]